An Analysis of the National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Statement of Problem
The United Nations declared 1996, the international year of eradication of poverty and 1997 to 2006, decade of poverty eradication. The year of achieving Millennium Development Goal was also set for 2015. In pursuance of these targets, governments in both developed and developing countries became increasingly aware of poverty problems and several development efforts to alleviate poverty were embarked upon world-wide. Unfortunately, the issue of poverty eradication has proven to be the most difficult challenge facing less 5 developed countries where majority of the people live in abject poverty. However, governments have continued to respond in order to ameliorate the worsening conditions of the poor by shifting public expenditure towards poverty eradication (Agbiokoro, 2009). In Nigeria, it is no longer news that the country is a poor. Perhaps, what is news is Nigerian‟s inability to affect its environment positively for development purposes. Since the 1990s, the country has been classified as a poor nation by the World Bank. The incidence of poverty is very high among the unemployed, the uneducated women and generally rural dwellers. In 1980, the poverty level was only 28.1 percent but by 1996 it had jumped to 66.6 percent and in 2010 the poverty level has increased to 69.0 percent in relative term (NBS, 2012). Different poverty eradication programmes and projects to cushion the effects of poverty have been initiated over the years. This was received with high hopes by the people. Poverty eradication was seen as a means through which the government could revamp the battered economy and rebuild self-esteem in majority of Nigerians. In 1999, when the former President Olusegun Obasanjo administration came to power, a World Bank‟s report indicated that Nigeria‟s Human Development Index (HDI) was 0.416 and that about 70 percent of the population was below the poverty line (Maduabum, 2006). These alarming indicators prompted the government to review the existing poverty alleviation schemes with a view to harmonizing them and improving on them. It was discovered that there had been certain fundamental problems responsible for the inadequacy of anti-poverty measures over the years. The need to find lasting solution to the perennial problem of poverty culminated into the establishment of National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) in 2001. In spite of huge resources devoted to NAPEP, deterioration in fiscal discipline, corruption and poor implementation which undermined past efforts still make poverty eradication in Nigeria a mirage. The rate of unemployment has continued to rise and the poverty situation 6 has exacerbated. Rahaman (2000) explains that the social scourge of poverty and joblessness are widespread and the incidence is increasing its negative impact on the economy and quality of life of the people. Unemployment is on the increase with attendant disaffection and restlessness among the youths who are faced with reduced job opportunities and idleness. The situation has not changed as the number of poor people in Nigeria continues to increase especially in the rural communities. This raises questions on the way the Nigerian government has been implementing its various policies on poverty which leaves much to be desired. The following money were said to have been expended for the purpose of poverty eradication in Nigeria between 2001 and 2008; #11.8 billion as budgetary allocation, #4 billion for procurement of Keke NAPEP, #10 billion from State Governments and commercial banks for multi- partnership programme and #8.2 billion from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (Agbiokoro, 2009). This amounted to #34billion and a lot more have been collected since after 2008. Despite the huge resources committed through budgetary allocation, the agency has not efficiently impacted on the lives of Nigerians. As a matter of fact, is the need to take a careful look at the issues of policy on poverty eradication in Nigeria in the light of continuing efforts on the part of the government to address it which has been without positive results. If over #30billon has been gathered for poverty eradication in 8years and these resources have been utilized efficiently, there should have been significant improvements in the living standard of the generality of the people and the poverty level should ordinarily be reduced. But on the contrary, the living standard of the Nigerian people deteriorated further to 60.9 percent absolute poverty level in 2010 (NBS, 2012), the year NAPEP was expected to have eradicated absolute poverty in Nigeria (Birdir, 2002). The consequence of the high incidence of policy failures and neglect is reflected in high level of poverty in the rural areas in Nigeria. Policies have made little impact as the rural areas 7 remain in penury. Schools, portable drinking water, electricity, good access roads, health centres, markets and credit facilities are not available and where they are in existence, they are poorly built and managed (Omorogbe 2005). According to the UNICEF Report quoted in Oviasuyi (2010) on the state of world‟s children, only 39 percent of rural Nigerians have access to safe water. Besides, health-care facilities are poor and very inadequate in areas where they exist at all. According to the Fourth National Development Plan (Volume 1), about 95 percent of the entire population of rural areas in Nigeria is not covered by any form of modern medical facilities (Oviasuyi, 2010). The myriads of policies and programmes put in place to ameliorate the situation have remained either uncompleted or abandoned while substantial resources have been wasted. The questions are what is the government doing to reverse this ugly situation? What are the factors that have impeded implementation of government policies on poverty over the years? These and others are issues and focus of this study using National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area, Ogun State as a Case Study.
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